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¡¡¡¡When a person commits a crime, he is not always sent to prison. If he has committed some minor offense, he may be released from detention and allowed to remain in the community. This type of punishment is usually administered to juveniles. It is young people who usually commit the less serious crimes. For this reason they are given less punishment. Although the individual is not in jail, he is under the supervision of special police officers. These officers watch his actions very closely. This type of punishment is called probation.

¡¡¡¡The conditions of the probation are decided in a meeting during which a judge hears the offender's case. After this meeting, the judge issues an order of probation. This order can only be made with the offender's consent. If the offender does not wish to be placed on probation, he must go to jail.

¡¡¡¡Once on probation, the offender can't disobey the probation order. He must report to the police at least once a week. During the whole period of probation, the offender must live according to the conditions ordered by the court. If there is a breach of the probation order, the offender may be taken off probation and placed in jail.

¡¡¡¡21. Detention means ________.

¡¡¡¡A) imprisonment B) release

¡¡¡¡C) punishment D) offense

¡¡¡¡22. The word "juveniles" in Paragraph 1 refers to________.

¡¡¡¡A) criminals B) young people

¡¡¡¡C) offenders D) jury

¡¡¡¡23. Why are young people usually less punished?

¡¡¡¡A) Because they are young.

¡¡¡¡B) Because they never commit serious crimes.

¡¡¡¡C) Because they are reformable.

¡¡¡¡D) Because they usually make minor offenses.

¡¡¡¡24. A probation order can be given when ________.

¡¡¡¡A) the judge decides to give one

¡¡¡¡B) the offense is not very serious

¡¡¡¡C) the criminal agrees to take it

¡¡¡¡D) all of the above

¡¡¡¡25. A criminal on probation ________.

¡¡¡¡A) stays in jail for a long time

¡¡¡¡B) stays in jail for a short time

¡¡¡¡C) is supervised outside prison

¡¡¡¡D) all of the above

¡¡¡¡Passage 2

¡¡¡¡Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

¡¡¡¡To an economist, labor is the supply of human resources which can be used in the production of goods and services. Labor can be classified into three types: skilled, semiskilled and unskilled. Each of these types has certain characteristics which distinguish it from the other two. These distinguishing characteristics are the degree of skill and training required of the worker and the specificity of the task performed.

¡¡¡¡Skilled labor is labor which either has expertise in particular skill, like tool making or printing, or which has received professional training, such as doctors, teachers and lawyers.

¡¡¡¡A semiskilled is a person who has reached a very high degree of skill over a limited range of activities. Such labor can be trained very quickly. A welder in a motor vehicle assembly plant is an example. Similarly, one manufacturer of business machines believes that an operator can be fully trained in two days.

¡¡¡¡Unskilled labor, as its name implies, requires little specialized training. Skills can be acquired on the job itself, and as the laborers grow used to the work they become more efficient. For example, when the canals were built in Britain, and later when the railways were laid, the entrepreneurs who built them found that it took a full year for strong healthy farm boys to become diggers. These young men had to learn to use their energy economically so that they could work long hours without feeling tired. Although a great deal of specialized training was not necessary, the strong body and character that the job required were not produced in a single day.

¡¡¡¡The idea of specificity is also important in classifying labor. Generally speaking, skilled labor tends to be more specific than semiskilled or unskilled labor: skilled laborers usually perform only those tasks for which they have special skill or training. For instance, a dentist must be employed in dentistry in order to use his or her special skills. For a dentist to work in the fields planting corn would be a waste of these skills. Of course, it may do the dentist a world of good to find out about the life of a farmer, but this would not substitute for the efficient use of the dentists' service in caring for people's teeth. A welder in an automobile factory is a less specific type of labor. This laborer might be equally useful repairing cars or welding steel framework of a new building.

¡¡¡¡26. According to the author's classification, someone working on the assembly line is a (an) ________ laborer.

¡¡¡¡A) extremely skilled B) skilled

¡¡¡¡C) semiskilled D) unskilled

¡¡¡¡27. Which of the following does the passage NOT mention as a factor to be considered in classifying labor?

¡¡¡¡A) The degree of skills required of the worker.

¡¡¡¡B) The environment in which the job is done.

¡¡¡¡C) The training that the worker receives.

¡¡¡¡D) The specificity of the task.

¡¡¡¡28. What is said about the unskilled labor in this passage?

¡¡¡¡A) Unskilled workers have to receive specified training.

¡¡¡¡B) Unskilled labor, as its name implies, requires no skills at all.

¡¡¡¡C) In some cases, it takes a long time to make a person an unskilled worker.

¡¡¡¡D) Only the strong-bodied can become an unskilled laborer.

¡¡¡¡29. Which of the following is the least specific type of labor?

¡¡¡¡A) A welder B) A digger

¡¡¡¡C) A dentist D) A lawyer

¡¡¡¡30. "...it may do a world of good to the dentist to find out about the life of a farmer"(Para.5) implies that .

¡¡¡¡A) a farmer's life has something to do with the dentist's job

¡¡¡¡B) most farmers have dental problems

¡¡¡¡C) knowledge about his patient's background may substitute for the dentist's skills

¡¡¡¡D) some general information about his patient may help the dentist in his job

¡¡¡¡Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

¡¡¡¡I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time; to be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating, and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude.

¡¡¡¡We are for the most part lonely when we go abroad than we stay in our chambers, for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows.

¡¡¡¡The farmer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night wonders how the students can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in his house, is actually at work in his field and chopping his wood as the farmer was in his.

¡¡¡¡Society is commonly too cheap: We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live thick and in each other's way, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another.

¡¡¡¡We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable; certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications between men.

¡¡¡¡It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him.

¡¡¡¡31. A person can be more lonely among men than by himself at home because ________.

¡¡¡¡A) loneliness is a state of mind

¡¡¡¡B) loneliness is not the same as being alone

¡¡¡¡C) solitude is not measured in miles

¡¡¡¡D) all of the above

¡¡¡¡32. The example of the farmer and the student shows that ________.

¡¡¡¡A) work satisfies man's need for solitude

¡¡¡¡B) men are not lonely when they are working

¡¡¡¡C) solitude is a necessary condition of work

¡¡¡¡D) men need recreation with men after work

¡¡¡¡33. Through this example, the author implies that .

¡¡¡¡A) loneliness is a necessity for men

¡¡¡¡B) recreation with other men is valueless

¡¡¡¡C) loneliness can't be equated with solitude

¡¡¡¡D) work is man's means of escape from loneliness

¡¡¡¡34. Frequent meetings prevent us from ________.

¡¡¡¡A) refreshing ourselves

¡¡¡¡B) acquiring new values for each other

¡¡¡¡C) appreciating the values of solitude

¡¡¡¡D) feeling lonely between meeting

¡¡¡¡35. The author thinks that value of man can be .

¡¡¡¡A) discovered through superficial contacts

¡¡¡¡B) found in his external appearance

¡¡¡¡C) discovered without physical contact

¡¡¡¡D) discovered only through frequent meetings

¡¡¡¡Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

¡¡¡¡This is a scientific age. Our material prosperity, the conveniences of life, and often life itself rests upon the development of our science. Although the practical fruits of science are not to be ignored, its true significance is subtler. The study of science has profoundly influenced the way men think. Science has created devices, but it has also given man confidence in his intelligent superiority over nature and has provided the method of approach to all problems requiring a conclusion from observed facts. The science of physics, which provides the tools for the chemist, geologist, engineer and astronomer, has also originated the scientific method.

¡¡¡¡A science is a body of organized knowledge. The steps in the origin and development of a science are observation, recording, analysis, prediction and verification. Accurate observation under controlled conditions is the first step in understanding nature. Records provide for the transmission of knowledge and aid its continued growth. Analysis proceeds from conjecture(ÍƲâ) of the causes or relationships of certain observations, and, when the hypotheses have been tested, erects a theory that relates a large number of phenomena. The theory usually predicts certain as yet unsuspected phenomena or relationships. Verification of these predictions by experiment supports the theory and may lead to formulation of a law or principle. Failure to obtain experimental verification of predictions may not overthrow a theory, but causes its modification and often enriches it. The principal aspects of the scientific method are selective analysis, accurate measurement, and mathematical treatment. These techniques originated and received their fullest development in the field of physics. Other fields of knowledge, by common consent, are considered scientific to just the extent that their ideas are subject to analysis, measurement, and mathematical treatment.